无地雷世界”：吴哥高峰会议为柬埔寨开辟和平新篇章

柬埔寨举办暹粒吴哥无地雷世界会议的起因

柬埔寨因漫长的战乱历史，特别是1970年代的内战及红色高棉时期，埋下了大量地雷和未爆炸弹药。根据联合国地雷行动中心（UNMAS）的统计，自1979年以来，地雷和未爆炸弹药在柬埔寨已导致超过6.4万人死伤，其中包括数万截肢者，致使柬埔寨成为全球地雷受害人数最多的国家之一。

当前，尽管柬埔寨的地雷清除工作已取得巨大进展，但根据2022年的数据，仍有约800平方公里的土地埋藏着地雷和未爆炸弹药。地雷的存在严重阻碍了农业发展、基础设施建设和人民安全，也成为该国摆脱贫困的主要障碍之一。

中国及国际合作伙伴在柬埔寨排雷事业中的努力

1. 中国的支持
   • 技术援助：中国向柬埔寨派遣专业技术团队，提供地雷探测设备及培训，并帮助柬埔寨建立专业的排雷团队。
   • 资金援助：中国政府提供多轮无偿援助，用于支持柬埔寨的排雷任务，涵盖设备采购、技术升级和人员培训等方面。
   • 人道主义支持：在排雷过程中，中国还关注受害者救助及社会再融合计划，如为地雷受害者提供义肢和康复治疗。
2. 国际伙伴的贡献
   • 日本：提供排雷机械设备和资金支持，并开展多项地雷危险教育项目。
   • 美国：通过多边援助计划，支持柬埔寨的地雷清除行动。
   • 联合国开发计划署（UNDP）：协调多国力量，在地雷数据收集、排雷技术研究及社区重建方面提供支持。
   • 非政府组织：如“地雷顾问集团”（MAG）和“地雷行动中心”（HALO Trust）长期活跃在柬埔寨的地雷清除工作中，为当地社区恢复生产生活提供关键帮助。

暹粒吴哥无地雷世界会议的实际意义和社会价值

1. 促进全球合作
   此次会议汇聚了来自多个国家的领导人、非政府组织及技术专家，共同探讨“无地雷世界”目标的实现路径。这不仅是一次区域协作的典范，也彰显了柬埔寨在国际排雷事业中的领导力和模范作用。
2. 增强公众意识
   通过会议的宣传和教育活动，提高公众对地雷危害的认知，特别是加强年轻一代的风险意识，从而推动更加广泛的社会参与。
3. 推动经济发展
   地雷清除能够解放大量可用土地，为农业、旅游业及基础设施建设开辟新空间，从而为柬埔寨带来长远的经济效益。
4. 人道主义关怀
   本次会议重点讨论了地雷受害者的康复问题，强调将排雷工作与社会支持体系结合，确保受害者能够重拾生活信心并融入社会。

后续可能带来的影响或变化

1. 区域安全环境的改善
   柬埔寨的成功经验将为东南亚其他受地雷影响的国家提供参考，进一步促进区域安全稳定。
2. 吸引更多国际援助
   会议的成功举办彰显了柬埔寨在排雷领域的决心和成效，或将吸引更多国际社会的资金与技术支持。
3. 为和平文化注入动力
   暹粒吴哥无地雷世界会议是柬埔寨从战争走向和平的重要象征。这种精神或将激励更多国家及组织共同追求“无地雷世界”的目标。

A Mine-Free World”: Angkor Summit Ushers in a New Era of Peace for Cambodia

Causes Behind Cambodia Hosting the Angkor Summit on a Mine-Free World

Cambodia’s history of prolonged conflicts, particularly during the civil war in the 1970s and the Khmer Rouge era, led to the widespread use of landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). According to the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), since 1979, landmines and UXO have caused over 64,000 casualties in Cambodia, including thousands of amputees, making the country one of the most heavily landmine-affected nations globally.

Despite significant progress in mine clearance, as of 2022, approximately 800 square kilometers of land remain contaminated. This has not only posed a grave risk to human safety but also hindered agricultural development, infrastructure projects, and poverty alleviation efforts.

Contributions of China and International Partners to Cambodia’s Mine Action

1. China’s Contributions
   • Technical Assistance: China has deployed expert teams, provided advanced mine-detection equipment, and trained Cambodian personnel to establish local demining capabilities.
   • Financial Support: The Chinese government has offered numerous grants to fund mine clearance operations, including equipment procurement, technical upgrades, and workforce training.
   • Humanitarian Aid: Beyond demining, China has focused on victim rehabilitation and reintegration programs, such as providing prosthetics and physiotherapy to survivors.
2. Efforts by International Partners
   • Japan: Provided advanced machinery and funding while promoting mine risk education projects.
   • United States: Supported Cambodia’s demining efforts through multilateral aid initiatives.
   • UNDP: Coordinated global efforts to enhance mine action through data collection, research, and community rebuilding.
   • NGOs: Organizations like the Mines Advisory Group (MAG) and HALO Trust have been instrumental in clearing mines and enabling communities to reclaim land for productive use.

Practical Significance and Social Value of the Angkor Summit

1. Global Cooperation
   By uniting leaders, NGOs, and technical experts, the summit highlighted the importance of collective efforts in achieving a mine-free world. It underscored Cambodia’s leadership and role model status in global demining initiatives.
2. Raising Public Awareness
   The summit’s campaigns educated the public about the dangers of landmines and the importance of safety measures, particularly among the younger generation.
3. Economic Development
   Clearing landmines unlocks vast tracts of arable land, facilitating agriculture, tourism, and infrastructure development, all of which promise long-term economic benefits for Cambodia.
4. Humanitarian Care
   A core focus of the summit was the rehabilitation of landmine survivors, ensuring they receive not only physical aid but also societal support for a dignified reintegration.

Potential Future Impacts or Changes

1. Enhanced Regional Security
   Cambodia’s success could inspire neighboring countries facing similar challenges to adopt effective demining strategies, fostering broader regional stability.
2. Attracting International Aid
   The summit’s success could draw more global funding and technical assistance, boosting Cambodia’s demining efforts further.
3. Advancing Peace Culture
   The Angkor Summit symbolizes Cambodia’s journey from conflict to peace, potentially inspiring other nations to pursue the goal of a mine-free world.