中文分析：
近年来，电子商务在全球范围内蓬勃发展，但柬埔寨的电商行业却始终未能突破瓶颈，成为区域性或全球性的强者。这种情况并非偶然，而是多种因素共同作用的结果。
1. 基础设施的限制
柬埔寨的通信网络基础设施依赖外资和技术支持，尤其是中国的帮助。例如，互联网接入普及率虽然有所提升，但在农村地区依然较低，直接制约了电商发展的范围【7】【10】。此外，物流基础设施薄弱，“最后一公里”配送困难成为长期的痛点【8】。
2. 政策支持力度不足
尽管柬埔寨政府制定了一些数字经济计划，但整体执行力度和支持深度有限。电商领域缺乏完善的税收激励政策与监管体系，使得企业难以在公平环境中竞争【8】。
3. 受教育水平的限制
柬埔寨识字率虽逐年提高，但与邻国相比仍显不足。据世界银行数据，柬埔寨成人识字率仅约为77%，远低于东南亚其他国家。这导致大量人群对线上购物模式的接受度较低【9】。
4. 消费习惯和信任问题
传统的现金交易习惯深深植根于柬埔寨社会，而电子支付工具的普及率较低。这种信任问题直接影响消费者对电商平台的依赖【8】。
5. 竞争格局与技术依赖
目前被误认为“电商”的一些平台，如PassApp和EGet，实际上更偏向于服务类应用，其技术支持和资金主要依赖外资，尤其是中国投资。这表明柬埔寨本地技术研发能力尚未达到推动电商独立发展的水平【10】。
English Analysis:
In recent years, global e-commerce has grown exponentially, yet Cambodia’s e-commerce sector struggles to gain momentum. This stagnation stems from several interrelated factors.
1. Infrastructure Limitations
Cambodia’s communication networks heavily rely on foreign investments, especially from China. Although internet penetration has improved, rural areas still face significant challenges, limiting the reach of e-commerce【7】【10】. Moreover, weak logistics infrastructure and persistent “last-mile delivery” issues hinder operations【8】.
2. Lack of Policy Support
Despite digital economy strategies being announced, there is insufficient execution and depth in support. The absence of favorable tax policies and a robust regulatory framework discourages fair competition among businesses【8】.
3. Low Literacy Rates
Although Cambodia’s literacy rates have improved, they remain below regional averages. With adult literacy at approximately 77%, many people struggle to adapt to online shopping【9】.
4. Consumer Behavior and Trust Issues
Cash-based transactions dominate Cambodia’s marketplace, and digital payment adoption is slow. This ingrained preference for cash undermines trust and acceptance of e-commerce platforms【8】.
5. Competition and Technological Dependency
Apps like PassApp and EGet, often mistaken as e-commerce platforms, are service-oriented and predominantly backed by Chinese technology and capital. This underscores Cambodia’s insufficient local technological development to sustain independent e-commerce growth【10】.
综合建议：
柬埔寨若要实现电商腾飞，需从以下几方面入手：
- 加大对物流与通信基础设施的投资；
- 政府强化电商政策支持和监管体系；
- 推动识字率提高及数字教育普及；
- 鼓励本地企业进行技术创新，减少对外资的过度依赖。
For Cambodia to thrive in e-commerce, a collaborative effort between the government, private sector, and foreign partners is essential. Investing in infrastructure, enforcing fair policies, and fostering digital literacy will pave the way for sustainable growth.
【参考文献】
- Cambodia eCommerce Overview【7】
- Digital Economy and Challenges in Cambodia【8】
- Trade and Infrastructure Data Analysis【9】【10】
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