本文来自高棉时报中文网总编辑：孙英龙。
This article is from the Chief Editor of Khmer Times Chinese Website: Sun Yinglong.
[English version below]
孙英龙：柬埔寨新任首相洪玛奈自去年8月接任以来，推出了数十项促进招商引资和产业发展的政策与法规，频繁出席柬埔寨境内大大小小有外部投资者参与的商业活动，甚至于亲临助阵一个牛奶厂的开业庆典，可以说其在推动柬埔寨经济发展方面表现出了足够的热情。洪玛奈在扭转柬埔寨国运方面所做的努力，让柬埔寨国民看到了希望，民间甚至有声音说洪玛奈就是柬埔寨版的邓小平。这个说法有趣且复杂，今天，我们就从出身、教育、思维、魄力、胆识、谋略、政治及社会环境等方面评析一下洪玛奈到底能否成为带领柬埔寨摆脱现状走向繁荣的领导者。
一、背景与个人能力
邓小平作为世界公认的政治家、军事家和改革家，凭借其独具一格的政治谋略及其对中国发展面临局面的果断举措带领中国从贫穷走向繁荣，为今天中国在世界的政治和经济地位奠定了坚实的基础。
洪玛奈作为全球最年轻的政治家，2023年8月接任柬埔寨首相的大半年来，在促进柬埔寨的产业和经济发展事件中表现活跃、亲民，并在短短半年多内，推出多项有关政治经济的改革政策。已然表现出要凭借其热情、使命和大胆改革带领柬埔寨人民摆脱贫困走向繁荣的决心与野心。
二、出身与教育
邓小平出生于上世纪初的中国四川，尽管当时的中国还较为贫穷，但由于其父邓绍昌是当地的富农和教育家，所以在那个年代邓家在当地算得上是较为富裕的家庭，这为邓小平提供了优于旁人的早期教育机会。后来，邓小平16岁赴法勤工俭学、开始一边劳动一边接受马克思主义思想的启蒙。22岁时，邓小平赴前苏联进入莫斯科中山大学，接受系统的马克思主义理论与革命实践教育，并结识了一批后来在中国革命过程中的重要人物。
洪玛奈出生在柬埔寨人民最不愿意提及但却又无法忘记的红色高棉时期，7岁时，父亲洪森开始担任柬埔寨首相。所以，他在刚刚开始懂事的年纪就接受有显赫政治影响力的父亲的影响与熏陶，这种不同于常人的家庭背景使其从小便处于政治和权力的中心，接受了良好的培养和训练，为今天成为柬埔寨的核心奠定了坚实的基础。极具政治天分的洪玛奈18岁就进入世界军事人才的摇篮美国西点军校，接受号称全球最强的军事学院的教育。后又于美国纽约大学攻读经济学获硕士学位，并于2008年35岁的时候，获得了英国布里斯托大学经济学博士学位，进一步为他后来步入政坛从政埋下伏笔。
三、政治环境与挑战
邓小平执政时期的中国，刚刚经过文革的特殊时刻，社会各界对稳定和发展的需求极为迫切，给了邓小平推行政治改革的机会。加之邓小平有着不同常人的魄力，敢于突破常态思维的禁锢，在上世纪70年代末开始在中国部分地区推行改革开放政策。由于当时的中国民众迫切盼望生活水平的进一步提升，愿意跟随邓小平大胆尝试，因而快速实现了中国经济以及全社会的飞速发展。
洪玛奈接任后的柬埔寨，与彼时的中国相比，同样面临诸多挑战，包括贫困、自然能源资源匮乏、基础设施落后等一系列问题。然而，柬埔寨的政治体制和社会结构与中国有很大不同。柬埔寨的多党制和相对开放的政治经济环境，使得洪玛奈在推行各项改革时需要面对更多的政治掣肘和复杂局面。在这种复杂背景下带动柬埔寨实现政治、社会、市场等全面协同发展，需要洪玛奈具备更加敏锐的政治神经并结合此时柬埔寨的经济与社会结构制定符合全局的改革和发展策略。这对于年仅47岁的洪玛奈来说，是一场巨大的挑战，更是其面临的异常复杂的系列重要课题。
四、谋略与魄力
邓小平以务实著称，他的“摸着石头过河”的策略成为中国推行改革开放政策的指导思想。在面对复杂多变的国际形势时，邓小平强调“不争论”，而是通过实践来检验真理。在广东沿海实现先行先试的策略，“让一部分人先富起来”成为实现中国经济改革成功的核心驱动力。
洪玛奈同样也在就任柬埔寨首相后展示出了其极其务实的行事风格和敏锐的思维，早期在军队体系的历练，让他具备了一个政治人物良好的基本素养。而接任后在经济改革中注重务实效果、积极吸引外资、推动基础设施建设和产业升级。尽管柬埔寨的经济体量、产业结构和发展模式无法与中国相比，但通过其推出的基本国策“五角战略”（《五角战略》分别为人力资本发展；经济多元化和提升竞争力；发展私人领域和就业；抗御力、可持续性发展；数字经济和社会发展。）不难看出洪玛奈能够清楚地窥见柬埔寨当前面临的现实问题。包括其在就任后的时间里超高频率的出席大大小小有关柬埔寨招商引资等系列商业活动、并且在这些活动中表现出了极大的耐心与热情，同时，其高度亲民的朴实做派，为他赢得了柬埔寨民众以及外来投资者的高度赞扬，这无疑也彰显了洪玛奈对柬埔寨经济未来发展路径的深刻理解及其灵活、务实、高效的策略能力。
邓小平在80年代末开始果断推行改革开放，顶住了来自各方的巨大压力，成功地将中国带上了现代化的道路。为今天中国在全世界的政治、经济、军事等综合国力的巨大提升奠定了坚实的基础。
洪玛奈上任以来，也展现出了相当的魄力和胆识。他在短时间内推出多项改革措施，显示出他对于国家未来发展坚定且充分的信心。然而，虽然柬埔寨的政治环境不算复杂，但其面临的产业结构、经济基础和社会现状需要拿出行之有效并切合柬埔寨当前实际的系列措施。
五、柬埔寨迫切需要解决的问题
今天的柬埔寨，在政府的施政能力、产业结构、经济基础、教育、环境保护、人才战略、营商环境等方面仍然存在诸多亟待解决的矛盾与问题。所以，要实现带领柬埔寨摆脱当前局面的目标、实现其在本区域影响力的提升、产业与经济结构的改善、平衡好发展过程中经济与环境的冲突，需要洪玛奈带领新内阁做好全面充分的准备和制定应有的策略。
1. 提升政府施政能力
行政改革：简化审批流程，公开透明申报条件（行政收费），提升政府部门效率，减少官僚主义和腐败现象；
透明度和问责制：推行信息公开制度，增强政府透明度，建立问责机制，确保政策执行的有效性；
人才培养：通过培训和引进高素质人才，提高公务员队伍的专业水平和服务能力。
2. 构建专业、务实的产业发展监管机构
机构完善：成立专门的产业发展监管机构，聘请产业界资深人士参与，加强产业政策制定并做好执行监督；
法规健全：完善产业监管法律法规，确保监管有法可依；
执法力度：加大对违法行为的查处力度，维护公平竞争的市场环境。
3. 打造专业、务实的产业和经济智库
智库建设：吸纳国内外经济专家，支持成立专业的产业、经济研究机构，提供政策咨询和产业模式升级方面的决策支持；
研究合作：加强与国际智库和研究机构的合作，借鉴更为先进和务实的经验和研究成果；
数据支持：建立全面、准确的经济数据收集和分析系统，为产业发展过程中的政策制定提供有力支持。
4. 引入先进、务实的教育体系
教育改革：借鉴国际先进的教育理念和方法，改革现有的教育体系，切实提高全民教育的质量；
职业教育：加强职业技术教育，扶持底层就业群体的培训，培养更多实用型技能人才，满足自身产业发展需求；
教育公平：推动教育资源的公平分配，缩小城乡教育差距，提高全柬整体教育水平。
5. 制定产业发展与环境保护的平衡发展策略
绿色产业：支持发展绿色经济，推广清洁能源和环保技术，减少并加强污染源头的监管；
环境评估：建立严格的环境影响评估机制，确保新引入的项目符合环保标准，做到开放且审慎；
政策激励：出台环保激励政策，鼓励企业采取环保措施，为实现可持续发展提供保障。
6. 制定健康、科学、有机的（高端）人才战略（机制）
人才引进：制定吸引高端人才的政策措施（如技术或专才入籍计划），提供良好的工作、生活及子女教育环境；
人才培养：加强国内高端人才的培养，通过扶持培训组织提供更多的行业培训和发展机会；
国际合作：与国际顶尖高校和科研机构合作，提升柬国自有人才的国际竞争能力；
促进人才回流：通过上述系列的人才培养、激励措施，创造良好的就业环境和收入提升机会。
7. 营商环境的改善
简化手续：简化企业注册和运营手续，减少行政审批，提高效率；
法律保障：完善知识产权保护和商业纠纷解决机制，保障企业合法权益；
金融支持：提供多样化的金融服务，支持外来企业的融资和发展；
去除隐性阻碍：严管各类行政、执法部门与环节的腐败及吃拿卡要行为，严打红包经济，创建健康良好的投资环境。
8. 扭转并树立新的国际形象
积极外交：加强与国际社会的交流与合作，提升柬埔寨在国际事务中的参与度和影响力；
文化传播：推广柬埔寨的历史文化和旅游资源，提升国家软实力；
国际合作：参与国际经济合作和贸易，展示并塑造柬埔寨开放、多元、包容、向上的新形象；
加强国家推广：鼓励并支持各级政府部门、民间机构发起更多能够产生积极、正向的国际影响力的事件、会议和展览，为柬埔寨加快融入国际金融、贸易、旅游等市场提供推动力。
总结
洪玛奈能否成为柬埔寨的邓小平，取决于他能否在复杂的政治、经济和社会的发展过程发挥出色的领导能力和推动柬埔寨产业、经济和社会的全面协同发展。柬埔寨今天所处的历史阶段，与当时的中国颇为相似。未来，洪玛奈需要在改革的方向和力量上，表现出与邓小平同样的决心、智慧与魄力，同时也需要适应柬埔寨自身的具体国情。接下来他在改革过程中的魄力与胆识，将决定他是否能在历史上取得类似于邓小平的政治地位和国际影响力。
洪玛奈能否成为柬埔寨的邓小平？
让我们拭目以待！
文：孙英龙
责任编译：Dylan Sun
Since taking office in August 2023, Cambodia’s new Prime Minister Hun Manet has introduced numerous policies and regulations to attract investment and promote industrial development. He frequently attends various business events involving external investors within Cambodia, even personally attending the opening ceremony of a milk factory. His enthusiastic efforts in driving Cambodia’s economic growth have given the Cambodian people hope, with some even calling him Cambodia’s version of Deng Xiaoping. This comparison is both intriguing and complex. Today, we will analyze whether Hun Manet can lead Cambodia out of its current state towards prosperity, by examining his background, education, vision, courage, strategies, and the political and social environment.
I. Background and Personal Capability
Deng Xiaoping, recognized globally as a politician, military strategist, and reformist, led China from poverty to prosperity with his unique political strategies and decisive measures. His efforts laid a solid foundation for China’s current political and economic standing in the world.
Hun Manet, one of the youngest global politicians, has been actively involved in promoting Cambodia’s industrial and economic development since he took office in August 2023. Within just over six months, he has implemented several political and economic reforms, showcasing his determination and ambition to lead Cambodia out of poverty and towards prosperity.
II. Background and Education
Deng Xiaoping was born in early 20th-century Sichuan, China. Despite China’s relative poverty at the time, his father, Deng Shaochang, was a wealthy farmer and educator, providing Deng with superior early education opportunities. At 16, Deng went to France for work-study, where he was introduced to Marxist ideas. At 22, he attended Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, receiving systematic education in Marxism and revolutionary practice, and met many key figures in the Chinese revolution.
Hun Manet was born during Cambodia’s tumultuous Khmer Rouge period. At age 7, his father Hun Sen became Prime Minister, immersing Hun Manet in a politically influential environment from a young age. He received an exceptional education, graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, earning a master’s degree in economics from New York University, and a PhD in economics from the University of Bristol in 2008, laying the groundwork for his political career.
III. Political Environment and Challenges
Deng Xiaoping led China in a time of urgent need for stability and development post-Cultural Revolution. This period allowed Deng to implement political reforms, breaking from conventional thinking to introduce economic policies that propelled China’s rapid growth.
Hun Manet’s Cambodia faces similar challenges, including poverty, resource scarcity, and underdeveloped infrastructure. However, Cambodia’s multi-party system and relatively open political and economic environment present more political hurdles. Navigating these complexities to achieve comprehensive development requires Hun Manet to have acute political acumen and formulate strategies that align with Cambodia’s current economic and social structure.
IV. Strategy and Boldness
Deng Xiaoping was known for his pragmatic approach, encapsulated in his “crossing the river by feeling the stones” strategy. He emphasized practical results over ideological debates, pioneering economic reforms in coastal areas and advocating for “letting some people get rich first” to drive China’s economic transformation.
Hun Manet has demonstrated a similarly pragmatic style and sharp thinking since taking office. His military background has equipped him with essential political qualities. His active participation in economic reforms, efforts to attract foreign investment, and promotion of infrastructure and industrial upgrades reflect his deep understanding of Cambodia’s issues. His “Pentagonal Strategy” (focusing on human capital development, economic diversification, private sector development, resilience and sustainability, and digital economy and society) showcases his comprehensive grasp of Cambodia’s challenges. His frequent participation in investment-related events and his approachable demeanor have earned him praise, highlighting his practical, flexible, and effective strategic capabilities.
Deng Xiaoping’s bold reforms in the late 1970s led to China’s modernization and laid the foundation for its current global standing. Similarly, Hun Manet has shown considerable boldness and confidence in his short tenure. However, Cambodia’s economic structure and societal conditions require tailored and effective measures to ensure progress.
V. Urgent Issues Cambodia Needs to Address
Cambodia still faces numerous issues in government efficiency, industrial structure, economic foundation, education, environmental protection, talent strategy, and business environment. For Hun Manet to lead Cambodia towards prosperity, comprehensive preparation and strategic planning are essential.
- Enhancing Government Efficiency:
- Administrative reforms to simplify processes and increase transparency.
- Implementing accountability mechanisms to ensure effective policy execution.
- Training and attracting high-quality public servants.
- Building Effective Industrial Development Regulatory Institutions:
- Establishing specialized regulatory bodies with industry experts.
- Enhancing laws and regulations for industry oversight.
- Strengthening enforcement against illegal practices.
- Creating Pragmatic Economic Think Tanks:
- Forming professional research institutions for policy advice and industry upgrades.
- Collaborating with international think tanks for advanced research insights.
- Developing comprehensive economic data systems for informed policymaking.
- Introducing Advanced Education Systems:
- Reforming education to improve quality based on international standards.
- Strengthening vocational education to meet industry needs.
- Ensuring equitable distribution of educational resources.
- Balancing Industrial Development and Environmental Protection:
- Promoting green economy initiatives and clean technologies.
- Establishing strict environmental impact assessment mechanisms.
- Offering incentives for corporate environmental practices.
- Formulating Advanced Talent Strategies:
- Attracting high-level talent with favorable policies and living conditions.
- Fostering domestic talent through extensive training programs.
- Encouraging talent return with improved job opportunities and incomes.
- Improving Business Environment:
- Simplifying business registration and operational procedures.
- Enhancing legal protections for intellectual property and business disputes.
- Providing diverse financial services to support business growth.
- Combating corruption to create a healthy investment climate.
- Reshaping International Image:
- Engaging in proactive diplomacy to increase international participation and influence.
- Promoting Cambodia’s cultural and tourism assets to enhance soft power.
- Participating in international economic cooperation to showcase an open and progressive image.
Conclusion
Whether Hun Manet can become Cambodia’s Deng Xiaoping depends on his ability to lead through complex political, economic, and social challenges. Like China during Deng’s era, Cambodia is at a pivotal historical juncture. Hun Manet must demonstrate the same determination, wisdom, and boldness, adapting strategies to Cambodia’s unique conditions. His success in the coming years will determine if he can achieve a comparable political stature and international influence.
Can Hun Manet become Cambodia’s Deng Xiaoping? Let’s wait and see!
By Sun Yinglong
Translated by Dylan Sun
English version by Hi news:VP
声明：本站所有文章，如无特殊说明或标注，均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织，在未征得本站同意时，禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益，可联系我们进行处理。
Statement: Unless otherwise specified or noted, all articles on this site are original publications by our platform. Any individual or organization is prohibited from copying, stealing, collecting, or publishing the content of this site on any website, book, or other media platform without obtaining prior permission from us. If any content on this site infringes upon the legitimate rights of the original author, please contact us for resolution.
